Bio:
Email: 15301778808@126.com
金晟(1971—),男,亲土在线-农业土壤治理大数据平台创始人,金友立生态农业(上海)股份有限公司董事长; 15301778808@126.com
设施蔬菜是我国非常重要的农产品,然而一些不当的农事操作和长期连作可能会导致设施蔬菜大棚土壤耕性降低、病虫害严重、农业面源污染等一系列问题,影响设施蔬菜大棚的可持续发展。为了更好地掌握设施蔬菜大棚的土壤质量情况,有针对性地提出绿色、环保、经济的土壤管理方法,选取山东省寿光市典型的设施蔬菜大棚,对其土壤理化性质、肥力状况、重金属和有机物污染情况、病虫害情况进行了综合评价与分级。研究结果表明,调查对象耕作层(0~15 cm)土壤物理性质良好,但深层土壤(15~45 cm)容易形成犁底层,导致植物根系生长环境恶化; 耕作层土壤化学态的氮、磷、钾含量超标严重,可能存在过量施肥情况,大量鸡粪的使用也导致土壤偏弱碱性; 无重金属和有机物污染问题,病虫害主要以根结线虫为主。通过调查分析,确定了目标设施蔬菜大棚耕作过程的主要限制因子及其对连作障碍的贡献,为有针对性地开展土壤改良工作提供了依据。
The greenhouse vegetable is a very important agricultural product in China. However, some improper farming operations and long-term continuous cropping may lead to a series of vegetable greenhouse problems such as reduced soil tilth, serious pests and diseases, and agricultural non-point source pollution, which affect the sustainable development of vegetable greenhouse industry. In order to better understand the soil quality of vegetable greenhouses and provide targeted green, environmentally-friendly and economic soil management method, a comprehensive evaluation and classification is conducted including soil physical and chemical properties, fertility status, heavy metal and organic pollution condition, pests and diseases condition in selected typical vegetable greenhouses in Shouguang City, Shandong Province. The research results show that the soil physical properties of the cultivated layer (0-15 cm) are good, but the deep soil (15-45 cm) is liable to form a plow pan, which leads to the deterioration of the plant root growth environment; in cultivated layer the chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content exceed the standard seriously, and there may exist excessive fertilization. The use of a large amount of chicken manure also has caused the soil to be weakly alkaline. There is no pollution of heavy metals and organic matter, and the plant diseases and pests are mainly root-knot nematodes. Through investigation and analysis, the main limiting factors of cultivation process in the target vegetable greenhouses, and their contribution to continuous cropping obstacles are identified, which provide basis for targeted soil improvement.