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通过田间小区试验,研究化肥减量施用条件下,配施不同配比的生物有机肥对玉米生长、产量、土壤生物学特性和养分含量的影响,为化肥减量化应用于玉米生产的实践提供理论依据。试验结果表明:与常规施肥(100%化肥)相比,在化肥减量施用15%~30%的条件下,增施生物有机肥后促进了孕穗期玉米的生长,且当生物有机肥增施量为40 kg/亩(1亩=666.67 m2)时,玉米产量分别显著提高了12.19%(T2)和8.64%(T4);而当生物有机肥增施量为20 kg/亩时出现了减产效应,其中T3玉米产量显著降低了12.62%;减量化肥增施生物有机肥显著提高了土壤细菌和放线菌数而降低了真菌数,同时提高了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,进而提高了土壤中有效养分和有机质含量,但当化肥减量施用30%、生物有机肥增施量为20 kg/亩时,其有效养分和总养分含量却低于常规施肥。在化肥减量与生物有机肥增量配比适宜的条件下,才具有增产提质和养地改土的良好效果。
The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different proportion of bio-organic fertilizer on maize growth, yield, soil biological characteristics and nutrient content under the conditions of fertilizer reduction, it provides a theoretical basis for the application of chemical fertilizer reduction in maize production. The results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization (100% chemical fertilizer), under the conditions of decreasing chemical fertilizer by 15% to 30%, application of bio-organic fertilizer could promote maize growth at booting stage, and significantly increased maize yield by 12.19% (T2) and 8.64% (T4) with the amount of bio-organic fertilizer was increased by 40 kg per mu (1 mu=666.67 m2), however, the yield decreased when the amount of bio-organic fertilizer was increased by 20 kg per mu, which significantly decreased by 12.62% (T3). Reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and applying bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil, decreased the number of fungi, and the activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase in soil were increased, thus increasing the content of available nutrients and organic matter in the soil. However, when chemical fertilizer was reduced by 30% and the amount of bio-organic fertilizer increased by 20 kg per mu, the contents of available nutrients and total nutrients were lower than those of conventional fertilization. It is concluded that, when the reducing chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer in a proper proportion that could show the best effect on improve the yield and quality of corn as well as soil nutrients.
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