南四湖水稻化肥减施对产量及氮素吸收的影响 - 201802 - 肥料与健康
南四湖水稻化肥减施对产量及氮素吸收的影响
Effects of Reducing Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Uptake in Nansi Lake
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摘要:

为寻求南四湖水稻优化施肥模式,根据当地习惯施肥和水稻的需肥特性,设计了7种不同施肥模式,对不同施肥模式下水稻生长因子(水稻地上部干重、植株及籽粒中氮含量)、产量因子(水稻成熟区生物量、产量)、肥料利用率进行对比分析。试验结果显示:控释尿素比普通尿素更符合水稻生长特性,水稻地上部干重优于普通尿素,籽粒氮的吸收量较普通尿素增加15.83%;降低化肥施用量、增施有机肥可提高水稻对养分的吸收和养分向籽粒中的迁移;在等氮磷钾量情况下,控释尿素和20%减量控释尿素配施推荐磷钾肥的水稻产量较普通尿素分别提高8.75%和8.70%;控释尿素配施推荐磷钾肥显著提高了氮磷钾肥的利用率,20%减量控释尿素的氮肥利用率可提高21.40%。从降低施肥成本、提高肥料利用率和控制面源污染角度出发,20%减量控释尿素配施推荐磷钾肥为最优施肥模式。

关键词:
Abstract:

In order to find an optimized fertilization mode for rice in Nansi Lake, according to local accustomed fertilization methods and fertilizer requirement characteristics of rice, seven different fertilization modes are designed for comparative analysis of rice growth factors (dry weight of the aerial part of rice, nitrogen content in plant and grain), yield factors (rice mature area biomass, yield) and fertilizer use efficiency under different fertilization modes. Experimental results show that controlled release urea is more suitable for rice growth characteristics than ordinary urea, the dry weight of the aerial part of rice is better than that applying ordinary urea, nitrogen uptake of grain increases by 15.83% over that applying ordinary urea; reducing fertilizer use and increasing organic fertilizer can improve absorption of nutrients by rice and transfer nutrients to grain; in the case of the same amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, rice yields applying controlled release urea and reducing 20% controlled release urea combined with recommended phosphate and potassium fertilizer increase 8.75% and 8.70% respectively over that of applying ordinary urea; controlled release urea combined with recommended phosphate and potassium fertilizer significantly increases the utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the nitrogen utilization rate of reducing 20% controlled release urea can increase by 21.40%. From the perspective of reducing fertilize cost, improving fertilizer use efficiency and control of non-point source pollution, application of reducing 20% controlled release urea combined with recommended phosphate and potassium fertilizer is the optimal fertilization mode.

Keyword:
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