保水保肥凝胶的制备及性能研究 - 201701 - 肥料与健康
保水保肥凝胶的制备及性能研究
Research of Preparation and Performance of Water/Fertilizer-Retaining Hydrogel
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摘要:

采用化学交联方法制备聚丙烯酰胺-聚丙烯酸钾和聚丙烯酸钾凝胶,并通过流变试验、溶胀试验和肥料吸附试验对聚合物凝胶的吸水性、稳定性和保肥性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:聚丙烯酸钾凝胶的吸水倍率高于聚丙烯酰胺-聚丙烯酸钾凝胶,但其稳定性、机械强度和再生效率不如聚丙烯酰胺-聚丙烯酸钾凝胶;聚丙烯酰胺-聚丙烯酸钾凝胶能反复多次吸水和吸附肥料,其保水和保肥能力并未受到影响;通过调节系统pH和盐浓度能调控聚合物凝胶的保水量和保肥量,实现水分和养分的可控释放;通过改变凝胶的交联度能改善聚合物凝胶的保水性、保肥性和稳定性。聚丙烯酰胺-聚丙烯酸钾凝胶展现出优良的保水保肥性、稳定性和再生性,可以作为土壤保水保肥剂起到缓慢释放水分和养分的作用,还能实现保水保肥剂的回收及循环使用。

关键词:
Abstract:

Polyacrylamide-potassium polyacrylate (PAAm-PAAK) and potassium polyacrylate (PAAK) hydrogels are synthesized through chemical crosslinking. Water absorption, stability, and fertilizer retaining properties of synthesized polymer hydrogels are investigated by rheological, swelling, and adsorption experiments. Experimental results show that the water absorbency of PAAK hydrogel is higher than PAAm-PAAK hydrogel, while PAAm-PAAK hydrogel displays better stability, mechanical strength and regeneration efficiency; water/fertilizer retaining properties of PAAm-PAAK hydrogel will not be changed after repetitious absorption of water and fertilizer; water/fertilizer retaining capacity of polymer hydrogels can be modulated by changing pH or salt concentration of system, which is employed to achieve the controlled release of water and fertilizer; water/fertilizer retaining and stability properties of polymer hydrogels can be improved by adjusting crosslinking degree of hydrogels. PAAm-PAAK hydrogels display excellent water/fertilizer retaining, stability, and regeneration properties, which can be used as water/fertilizer retaining agent in the field of controlled release of water and fertilizer in soil and employed to achieve the reclaiming and recycling of water/fertilizer retaining agent.

Keyword:
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