秸秆还田条件下不同施氮量对玉米产量及土壤养分的影响 - 201703 - 肥料与健康
秸秆还田条件下不同施氮量对玉米产量及土壤养分的影响
Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Maize Yield and Soil Nutrient under Condition of Straw Returning
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摘要:

以夏玉米为研究对象,通过田间试验研究了定量秸秆还田条件下不同施氮量在玉米上的效应,以明确定量秸秆还田和不同氮量配施对玉米生长、氮素利用率和土壤养分的影响,为秸秆还田和科学施氮提供理论和实践依据。试验结果表明:在定量秸秆6 000 kg/hm2还田条件下,能有效提高玉米穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量,施氮量在180.0~270.0 kg/hm2时增产效果显著,比施氮量75.0 kg/hm2和150.0 kg/hm2增产20.33%~26.15%;秸秆还田配施氮量180.0~300.0 kg/hm2,能有效提高玉米植株吸氮量、氮肥利用率并降低土壤氮素依存率,是田间试验条件下玉米种植定量秸秆6 000 kg/hm2还田的最优配施氮量范围;在秸秆还田条件下,不同施氮量可以微调玉米根区土壤酸碱度;配施氮量270.0~300.0 kg/hm2时,可有效提升土壤中全氮含量,并有效调节土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。

关键词:
Abstract:

Taking summer maize as research object, by field experiment a study is carried out of the effect of different nitrogen application rates under condition of quantitative straw returning on maize, in order to understand the impact of quantitative straw returning and different nitrogen application rates on maize growth, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nutrient, providing theoretical and practical basis for straw returning and scientific application of nitrogen. Experimental results show that under condition of straw returning 6 000 kg/hm2, maize ears, seeds per ear, thousand seed weight and yield are increased effectively, when nitrogen application rate is 180.0~270.0 kg/hm2, the yield increase effect is significant, compared with nitrogen application rate of 75.0 kg/hm2 and nitrogen application rate of 150.0 kg/hm2, yield increases by 20.33%~26.15%; with straw returning, nitrogen application rate of 180.0~300.0 kg/hm2 can improve nitrogen absorption content of maize and nitrogen use efficiency, and decrease soil nitrogen dependency rate, under field experimental conditions, this is the optimum range of nitrogen application rate with straw returning 6 000 kg/hm2 for maize planting; under straw returning condition, different nitrogen application rates can adjust finely soil acidity or alkalinity in maize root area; when the nitrogen application rate is 270.0~300.0 kg/hm2, total nitrogen content in soil can be promote effectively, soil available phosphorus and available potassium content can be promoted effectively.

Keyword:
ckwx 参考文献

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