采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤样品中铬、铜、砷、铅等重金属元素的含量,建立了不确定度评定模型,对测量过程中的不确定度来源进行分析,主要为样品称量、试液的定容体积、待测元素的含量、样品消解、标准溶液的配制、样品测量重复性等6个方面。按《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012)的规定进行不确定度计算,结果表明:铬和铅的测量不确定度来源主要为样品的消解过程,铜的测量不确定度来源主要为样品测定过程中标准曲线的拟合,砷的测量不确定度来源主要为样品测定过程中标准曲线的拟合和样品的消解过程。铬、铜、砷、铅的合成标准不确定度依次为0.264、0.128、0.102、0.127 mg/kg,扩展不确定度依次为0.528、0.256、0.204、0.254 mg/kg。
Microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is used to determine the content of heavy metals such as chromium, copper, arsenic and lead in soil samples. An uncertainty evaluation model is established to analyze the sources of uncertainty in the measurement process. The sources are mainly the following 6 aspects: sample weighing, constant volume of test solution, content of the element to be tested, sample digestion, standard solution preparation, sample measurement repeatability, etc. The uncertainty is calculated according to the "Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement "(JJF 1059.1—2012). The results show that the source of uncertainty in the measurement of chromium and lead is mainly from the digestion process of the sample, the source of uncertainty in the measurement of copper is mainly from the fitting of the standard curve in the process of sample determination, and the source of uncertainty in the measurement of arsenic is mainly from the fitting of the standard curve and the digestion process of the sample in the process of sample determination. The synthetic standard uncertainties of chromium, copper, arsenic and lead are 0.264, 0.128, 0.102, 0.127 mg/kg, and the expanded uncertainties are 0.528, 0.256, 0.204, 0.254 mg/kg, respectively.
QU M K, LI W D, ZHANG C R. Spatial distribution and uncertainty assessment of potential ecological risks of heavy metals in soil using sequential Gaussian simulation[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 2014, 20(3): 764-778.