不同时期喷施钙肥对避雨青脆李裂果防控效果和果实品质的影响 - 202503 - 肥料与健康
不同时期喷施钙肥对避雨青脆李裂果防控效果和果实品质的影响
The Effect of Spraying Calcium Fertilizer at Different Stages on the Prevention and Control of Fruit Cracking and Fruit Quality of Qingcui Plum Under Shelter from Rain
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-7047.2025.03.009
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摘要:

为研究避雨条件下青脆李叶面喷施钙肥防控裂果的合适时期,开展了田间小区试验。试验以叶面不喷施钙肥为对照(CK)处理,设置了在幼果期(T1)、膨大期(T2)和成熟前(T3)叶面喷施钙肥等3个处理,分别测定了不同处理的裂果率以及纤维素、果胶、钙、钾等的含量,并分析了不同处理的果实品质差异。结果表明:T1~T3处理的裂果率均显著低于CK处理的;T1~T3处理均提高了果实中纤维素和果胶的含量,其中T1处理表现最好,与CK处理差异显著;T1~T3处理均可显著提高果实中全钙的含量,但T2处理的果实中全钾含量低于CK处理的;T1~T3处理的纵径、横径和单果质量较CK处理的有所增加;与CK处理相比,T1~T2处理均可显著提高果实中总糖和可溶性固形物的含量,T3处理的糖酸比显著高于CK处理的。在青脆李幼果期叶面喷施钙肥,不仅可降低裂果率,还可提升果实品质。

关键词:
Abstract:

In order to study the appropriate period for foliar spraying of calcium fertilizer to prevent fruit cracking in Qingcui plum under rainy-sheltered conditions, a field plot experiment is conducted. The experiment uses foliar non application of calcium fertilizer as the control (CK) treatment, and sets up three treatments of foliar application of calcium fertilizer during the young fruit stage (T1), swelling stage (T2), and pre-maturity stage (T3). The fruit cracking rate and the contents of cellulose, pectin, calcium, potassium are measured for different treatments, and the differences in fruit quality among different treatments are analyzed. The results show that the fruit cracking rate of T1-T3 treatments is significantly lower than that of CK treatment and the content of cellulose and pectin in the fruit increased, with T1 treatment showing the best performance and a significant difference compared to CK treatment. T1-T3 treatments can significantly increase the total calcium content in fruits, but the total potassium content in fruits treated with T2 treatment is lower than that of CK treatment. The longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and single fruit weight of T1-T3 treatments increase compared to CK treatment. Compared with CK treatment, T1-T2 treatments can significantly increase the content of total sugar and soluble solids in the fruit, and the sugar acid ratio of T3 treatment is significantly higher than that of CK treatment. Spraying calcium fertilizer on the leaves during the young fruit stage of Qingcui plum can not only reduce fruit cracking rate, but also improve fruit quality.

Keyword:
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