不同施肥模式对冬小麦产量的影响 - 202504 - 肥料与健康
不同施肥模式对冬小麦产量的影响
Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Winter Wheat Yield
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-7047.2025.04.005
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摘要:

针对麦田大量施用化肥导致的肥料利用率低、环境污染等问题,以冬小麦为试验对象,在小麦-玉米轮作区开展了控释肥、有机肥部分替代化肥的田间小区试验。试验设置了配方肥(T1)、控释氮肥及减氮10%(T2、T3)、有机无机肥配施及减氮10%(T4、T5)等5个处理,考察了不同处理的冬小麦产量构成因素及产量、养分吸收情况,测定了土壤中有机质和全氮含量,并计算了不同处理的经济效益。结果表明:施用控释肥和有机肥部分替代氮肥可提高冬小麦籽粒产量,T2处理的最高,较T1处理的提高4.9%;T4、T5处理的土壤中有机质含量较T1处理的分别显著提高10.1%、15.0%;施用控释肥处理的经济效益较好,T2处理较T1处理增收59.82元/亩(1亩=667 m2)。施用控释氮肥以及有机无机肥配施可推荐为“三新”(施肥新技术、肥料新产品和施肥新机具)配套技术应用。

关键词:
Abstract:

To address problems such as low fertilizer utilization rate and environmental pollution caused by excessive chemical fertilizer application in wheat fields, winter wheat is used as the test object to conduct a field plot experiment on controlled-release fertilizer and organic fertilizer partially replaced chemical fertilizer in a wheat-maize rotation plantation area. Five treatments are established: formula fertilizer (T1), controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and 10% nitrogen reduction (T2, T3), combined organic-inorganic fertilizer application and 10% nitrogen reduction (T4, T5). Yield components, yield, nutrient uptake, soil organic matter and total nitrogen content under different treatments are investigated, and economic benefits are calculated. The results show that applying the controlled-release fertilizer and partial substitution of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer can increase winter wheat grain yield, with T2 treatment achieving the highest value which is 4.9% higher than T1 treatment. Soil organic matter content in T4 and T5 treatments increases significantly by 10.1% and 15.0% respectively compared to T1 treatment. Controlled-release fertilizer treatments have better economic benefits, with T2 treatment increasing income by 59.82 yuan/mu (1 mu = 667 m2) compared to T1 treatment. The application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the combination of organic-inorganic fertilizers can be recommended as supporting technologies for "Three Innovations" (new fertilization techniques, new fertilizer products, and new fertilization machinery).

Keyword:
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