Bio:
Email: JingJY@stu.njau.edu.cn
靖吉越(1996—),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事土壤改良与植物营养方面的研究;JingJY@stu.njau.edu.cn
钙是植物必需的营养元素之一,在维持细胞形态、保持胞内渗透压平衡和植物形态建成等方面具有重要的生理功能。钙作为胞内重要的第二信使,广泛参与植物的激素合成和信号转导,在植物生长发育和逆境调控等方面具有重要作用。钙可以促进纤维素、果胶等多糖物质的交联,增强细胞壁结构的稳定性,提高抗氧化酶的活性,降低活性氧和丙二醛的含量,保障细胞膜的结构完整和功能稳定,减少植物的逆境损伤。当植物受到外界刺激后,会导致细胞中钙离子的浓度出现特异性变化,并将信息传递给钙调素、钙调素类蛋白、钙依赖蛋白激酶等钙信号系统,通过激素合成和信号转导等方式调控基因表达,提高园艺植物对低温、高温、盐害、重金属胁迫及干旱、病虫害的抗性。综述了在逆境条件下,钙在保持园艺植物细胞结构稳定、进行功能调节和信号转导等方面的作用,总结了钙在提高园艺植物抗逆性研究方面的进展,并对未来的研究进行了展望。
Calcium is recognized as an essential plant nutrient element, with vital physiological functions in the maintenance of cell morphology, the stabilization of intracellular osmotic pressure, and the facilitation of plant morphogenesis. As a crucial intracellular second messenger, calcium is extensively involved in plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction, playing a significant role in plant growth, development, and stress response regulation. The cross-linking of polysaccharides such as cellulose and pectin is promoted by calcium, leading to enhanced structural stability of the cell wall. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes is increased, while the contents of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde are reduced by calcium, thereby ensuring the structural integrity and functional stability of cell membranes and mitigating stress-induced damage in plants. Upon exposure to external stimuli, specific changes in the concentration of calcium ion within the cell are induced. This information is subsequently relayed to calcium signaling systems, including calmodulin, calmodulin-like proteins, and calcium-dependent protein kinases. Gene expression is then regulated through mechanisms involving hormone synthesis and signal transduction, ultimately enhancing the resistance of horticultural plants to various stresses such as low and high temperature, salinity, heavy metal stress, drought, pests, and diseases. The roles of calcium in maintaining cellular structural stability, performing functional modulation, and mediating signal transduction in horticultural plants under stress conditions are summarized. Progress in research on improving stress resistance in horticultural plants through calcium application is summarized, and future research directions are also discussed.
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