不同施肥方案对烤烟农艺性状、产量及土壤理化性状的影响 - 202604 - 肥料与健康
不同施肥方案对烤烟农艺性状、产量及土壤理化性状的影响
Effects of Different Fertilization Schemes on Agronomic Traits, Yield of Flue-Cured Tobacco, and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-7047.2026.04.002
, , , , , , , , , ,
摘要:

为考察“化学肥料+腐殖酸活化+微生物调控”三位一体施肥方案对提高烤烟产量、上等烟叶占比和改善土壤理化性状的作用, 开展了田间小区试验。试验设置常规施肥对照(CK)及5种不同特肥配施处理(T1~T5),测定了不同施肥处理的烟株农艺性状、烟叶产量及土壤养分含量、pH。结果表明:在常规施肥的基础上配施含腐殖酸水溶肥料、中量元素水溶肥料、微生物菌剂、含氨基酸中微量元素水溶肥的T5处理表现最优,烟株茎粗、有效叶片数及单叶鲜质量均显著高于CK处理的;烟叶产量达322.3 g/m2,上等烟叶占比从CK处理的10.45%提升至29.26%,下等烟叶比例由CK处理的24.66%降至5.68%;土壤中有机质质量分数从试验前的3.75%提高至4.34%,速效钾含量增加49.35%,交换性镁含量增加16.73%,但pH略有下降。腐殖酸与微生物肥协同施用能优化烟株生理代谢、提升烤烟产量与品质等级,并通过补充有机质及中微量元素实现土壤保育,可实现烤烟生产的绿色转型升级。

关键词:
Abstract:

To investigate the effects of the three-in-one integrated fertilization scheme of "chemical fertilizer + humic acid activation + microbial regulation" on improving the yield of flue-cured tobacco, the proportion of first-class tobacco leaves, and soil physical and chemical properties, a field plot experiment is conducted. The experiment includes a conventional fertilization control (CK) and five different special fertilizer combination treatments (T1-T5). The agronomic traits of tobacco plants, tobacco leaf yield, soil nutrient contents and soil pH under different fertilization treatments are determined. The results show that, on the basis of conventional fertilization, the T5 treatment with combined application of water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, microbial agent, and medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, exhibits the optimal performance. The stem diameter, number of effective leaves, and fresh weight per leaf of tobacco plants under the T5 treatment are significantly higher than those under the CK treatment. The tobacco leaf yield reaches 322.3 g/m2, the proportion of first-class tobacco leaves is increased from 10.45% under the CK treatment to 29.26%, and the proportion of lower-class tobacco leaves is reduced from 24.66% under the CK treatment to 5.68%. The mass fraction of soil organic matter is increased from 3.75% prior to the experiment to 4.34%, the available potassium content is increased by 49.35%, and the exchangeable magnesium content is increased by 16.73%, while soil pH slightly decreases. The combined application of humic acid and microbial fertilizer optimizes the physiological metabolism of tobacco plants, improves yield and quality grade of the cured tobacco, and achieves soil conservation through the supplementation of organic matter and medium and trace elements, thereby enabling the green transformation and upgrading of flue-cured tobacco production.

Keyword:
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