降低湿法磷酸中固含率和杂质含量的技术研究 - 202602 - 肥料与健康
降低湿法磷酸中固含率和杂质含量的技术研究
Study on Technologies for Reducing Solid Holdup and Impurity Content in Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-7047.2026.02.010
摘要:

分析了湿法磷酸中悬浮固体及镁、铝、铁等杂质的来源及其对后续磷酸二铵生产的危害。为降低以中低品位磷矿为原料制备的湿法磷酸中的固含率和杂质含量,开展了采用超滤膜过滤降低磷酸固含率、化学沉淀法常规降低磷酸杂质系数(MER值)、专用纯化膜过滤深度降低磷酸MER值的试验。结果表明:采用超滤膜过滤磷酸,磷酸固含率可以降低93.64%;当2#沉降剂添加量为1.0 mL/L时,磷酸的MER值可以降低10.74%;采用专用纯化膜过滤磷酸,磷酸的MER值可以降低80.51%。将上述分级净化技术应用于生产中,经过净化的磷酸能满足生产高品质磷酸二铵的需求,有效提升了中低品位磷矿的综合利用率,降低了企业对高品位磷矿的依赖。

关键词:
Abstract:

The sources of suspended solids and impurities such as magnesium, aluminum, and iron in wet-process phosphoric acid, along with their adverse effects on the subsequent production of diammonium phosphate (DAP), are analyzed. To reduce the solid holdup and impurity content in wet-process phosphoric acid prepared from medium- and low-grade phosphate ores, experiments are conducted on ultrafiltration membrane filtration for solid holdup reduction, chemical precipitation for conventional impurity coefficient (MER value) reduction, and specialized purification membrane filtration for deep MER value reduction of the phosphoric acid. The results show that the solid holdup of phosphoric acid is reduced by 93.64% by ultrafiltration membrane filtration. The addition of 1.0 mL/L of 2# settling agent results in a 10.74% reduction in the MER value of phosphoric acid. Furthermore, the MER value of phosphoric acid is reduced by 80.51% by specialized purification membrane filtration. By applying the above graded purification technologies to industrial production, the purified phosphoric acid meets the requirements for producing high-quality DAP, effectively improving the comprehensive utilization rate of medium- and low-grade phosphate ores and reducing the dependence of enterprises on high-grade phosphate ores.

Keyword:
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